Bash Shell Keyboard Shortcuts For Linux Users

The default shell on most Linux operating systems is called Bash. There are a couple of important hotkeys that you should get familiar with if you plan to spend a lot of time at the command line. These shortcuts will save you a ton of time if you learn them.

Here is the List of Bash Shell Keyboard Shortcuts For Linux Users

• Ctrl + A - Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on


• Ctrl + E - Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on


• Ctrl + L - Clears the Screen, similar to the clear command


• Ctrl + U - Clears the line before the cursor position. If you are at the end of the line, clears the entire line.


• Ctrl + H - Same as backspace


• Ctrl + R - Let’s you search through previously used commands


• Ctrl + C - Kill whatever you are running


• Ctrl + D - Exit the current shell


• Ctrl + Z - Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it.


• Ctrl + W - Delete the word before the cursor


• Ctrl + K - Clear the line after the cursor


• Ctrl + T - Swap the last two characters before the cursor


• Esc + T - Swap the last two words before the cursor


• Alt + F - Move cursor forward one word on the current line


• Alt + B - Move cursor backward one word on the current line


• Tab - Auto-complete files and folder names


• Ctrl + W - erase word before cursor


• Ctrl + Y - to paste it (as in delete and copy) all text in front of the cursor


• Esc + . (or Esc + Underscore) - Insert Last Argument


• Ctrl + b - Move back a character


• Ctrl + f - Move forward a character


• Ctrl + r - Search the history backwards


• Ctrl + xx - Move between EOL and current cursor position


• Ctrl + x @ - Show possible hostname completions


• Alt + < - Move to the first line in the history


• Alt + > - Move to the last line in the history


• Alt + ? - Show current completion list


• Alt + * - Insert all possible completions


• Alt + / - Attempt to complete filename


• Alt + . - Yank last argument to previous command


• Alt + c - Capitalize the word


• Alt + d - Delete word


• Alt + l - Make word lowercase


• Alt + n - Search the history forwards non-incremental


• Alt + p - Search the history backwards non-incremental


• Alt + r - Recall command


• Alt + t - Move words around


• Alt + u - Make word uppercase


• Alt + back-space - Delete backward from cursor


• Here "2T" means Press TAB twice


• $ 2T - All available commands(common)


• $ (string) 2T - All available commands starting with (string)


• $ /2T - Entire directory structure including Hidden one


• $ 2T - Only Sub Dirs inside including Hidden one


• $ *2T - Only Sub Dirs inside without Hidden one


• $ ~2T - All Present Users on system from "/etc/passwd"


• $ $2T - All Sys variables


• $ @2T - Entries from "/etc/hosts"


• $ =2T - Output like ls or dir

Useful Note that some of these commands may not work if you are accessing bash through a telnet ,ssh session, or depending on how you have your keys mapped.

Install Mplayer and Multimedia Codecs (libdvdcss2,w32codecs) in Ubuntu Dapper Drake,Edgy Eft,Feisty Fawn

MPlayer is a movie and animation player that supports a wide range of codecs and file formats, including MPEG 1/2/4,DivX 3/4/5, Windows Media 7/8/9, RealAudio/Video up to 9, Quicktime 5/6, and Vivo 1/2. It has many MX/SSE (2)/3Dnow(Ex) optimized native audio and video codecs, but allows using XAnim’s and RealPlayer’s binary codec plugins, and Win32 codec DLLs. It has basic VCD/DVD playback functionality, including DVD subtitles, but supports many text-
based subtitle formats too. For video output, nearly every existing interface is supported. It’s also able to convert any supported files to raw/divx/mpeg4 AVI (pcm/mp3 audio), and even video grabbing from V4L devices.


Install Mplayer in Ubuntu Dapper Drake

You need to add the following lines to /etc/apt/sources.list file

gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

enter these two lines and save your file

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe multiverse

Install Mplayer in Ubuntu Edgy eft

You need to add the following lines to /etc/apt/sources.list file

gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

enter these two lines and save your file

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy universe multiverse

Install Mplayer in Ubuntu Feisty Fawn

You need to add the following lines to /etc/apt/sources.list file

gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

enter these two lines and save your file

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu feisty universe multiverse

Now you need to run the following command to update the source list

sudo apt-get update

Install mplayer using the following command

sudo apt-get install mplayer

if you want to open mplayer just type

gmplayer


or

You can Open from Applications—>Sound&Video—> Mplayer Movie Player



Once it opens you should see the following screen



Installing libdvdcss2 and w32 video codecs in Ubuntu

Support for WMV, RealMedia and other formats has been bundled into the w32codecs package. This package is not available from the Ubuntu repositories due to licensing and legal restrictions.
Edit /etc/apt/sources.list file and enter the following repositories

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

You can install this DVD playback and w32codecs using Seveas Repository

For Ubuntu Dapper Drake Users

deb http://mirror.ubuntulinux.nl dapper-seveas all
deb-src http://mirror.ubuntulinux.nl dapper-seveas all

For Ubuntu Edgy Eft Users

deb http://mirror.ubuntulinux.nl edgy-seveas all
deb-src http://mirror.ubuntulinux.nl edgy-seveas all

Now you need to copy the key using the following command

wget http://mirror.ubuntulinux.nl/1135D466.gpg -O- ¦ sudo apt-key add -

For Ubuntu Feisty Fawn Users

deb http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/ feisty free non-free
deb-src http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/ feisty free non-free

Now you need to copy the key using the following command

wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- ¦ sudo apt-key add -

Update the source list using the following command

sudo apt-get update

Install Codecs using the following command

sudo apt-get install w32codecs libdvdcss2

Using above download locations you can install most of the mutimedia codecs for ubuntu.

sudo apt-get update

Mplayer Plugin for Firefox

If you want to install Mplayer with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox run the following command

sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

How to Set-up a gameport,gamepad or joystick in Ubuntu

If you want gameport,gamepad or joystick to work in Ubuntu you need to follow this procedure

How to Fix broken Ubuntu Feisty Fawn

Ubuntu Development team released ubuntu feisty fawn beta on 23rd March 2007 some of them started upgrading their edgy to feisty .If your feisty broken here is the procedure to fix that.

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) Beta Preview

The Ubuntu developers are moving very quickly to bring you the absolute latest and greatest software the Open Source Community has to offer. This is the Ubuntu 7.04 Beta and it comes packed with a whole host of excellent new features including the released GNOME 2.18, the 2.6.20 kernel and much more.

Sharing Ubuntu Desktop Using Remote Desktop

vino is VNC server for GNOME.VNC is a protocol that allows remote display of a user's desktop. This package provides a VNC server that integrates with GNOME, allowing you to export your running desktop to another computer for remote use or diagnosis.

Enable DVD playback and w32codecs in Ubuntu System

w32codecs this is a package of codecs needed to play multiple formats, notably DivX. (disponible. Maintainer: MirSPCM)

libdvdcss is a highly portable library for accessing and unscrambling DVDs encrypted with the CSS system. It is part of the VideoLAN project and is used by VLC and all other open source DVD players such as Ogle, xine-based players and MPlayer.

Windows NTFS Partitions Read/write support made easy in Ubuntu Feisty

This program allow you to easily configure all of your NTFS devices to allow write support via a friendly gui. For that use, it will configure them to use the open source ntfs-3g driver. You'll also be able to easily disable this feature.

Performance tip for Ubuntu Edgy and Feisty users

I have checked this in ubuntu Feisty forums .One user suggested the following tip to improve the applications launch performance.

Edit your “/etc/hosts” file

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

You should see something like this

127.0.0.1 localhost

127.0.1.1 onlyubuntu

(and if your in Feisty, some lines about IPV6 also)

Now, You need to Replace with the following lines

127.0.0.1 localhost onlyubuntu

127.0.1.1 onlyubuntu

(Replace “onlyubuntu” with your hostname)

Save and exit the file.

Now your applications launch should improve.

Currently There are two bugs filed against this you can check here and here

Bandwidth Monitoring Tools For Linux

Bandwidth in computer networking refers to the data rate supported by a network connection or interface. One most commonly expresses bandwidth in terms of bits per second (bps). The term comes from the field of electrical engineering, where bandwidth represents the total distance or range between the highest and lowest signals on the communication channel (band).

Bandwidth represents the capacity of the connection. The greater the capacity, the more likely that greater performance will follow, though overall performance also depends on other factors, such as latency.

Here is the huge list of bandwidth monitoring tools with current stable version and project home page.

Autofocus

AutoFocus is a traffic analysis and visualization tool that describes the traffic mix of a link through textual reports and time series plots.

Current Stable Version :- 0.3.6

Project Home Page :- http://ial.ucsd.edu/AutoFocus/

Bandwidthd

BandwidthD tracks usage of TCP/IP network subnets and builds html files with graphs to display utilization. Charts are built by individual IPs, and by default display utilization over 2 day, 8 day, 40 day, and 400 day periods. Furthermore, each ip address's utilization can be logged out at intervals of 3.3 minutes, 10 minutes, 1 hour or 12 hours in cdf format, or to a backend database server. HTTP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, VPN, and P2P traffic are color coded.

Current Stable Version :- 2.0.1

Project Home Page :- http://bandwidthd.sourceforge.net/

Bmon

bmon is a portable bandwidth monitor and rate estimator running on various operating systems. It supports various input methods for different architectures. Various output modes exist including an interactive curses interface,lightweight HTML output but also formatable ASCII output.

Current Stable Version :- 2.1.0

Project Home Page :- http://people.suug.ch/~tgr/bmon/

Bwbar

bwbar is a small C-based program for Linux-based machines which produces bandwidth usage statistics for a network interface. It was originally written by H. Peter Anvin, and I (Brian Towne) modified it somewhat to better suit my needs. The original program was released under the GPL. A number of people have asked for the modified program and its source, so I have created this page.

Current Stable Version :- 1.2.3

Project Home Page :- http://www.mythica.org/bwbar/

bwm

This is a very tiny bandwidth monitor (not X11). Can monitor up to 16 interfaces in the in the same time, and shows totals too.

Current Stable Version :- 1.1.0

bwm-ng

small and simple console-based bandwidth monitor.Bandwidth Monitor NG is a small and simple console-based live bandwidth monitor.

Current Stable Version :- 0.5

Cacti

Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDTool's data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices.

Current Stable Version :- 0.8.6j

Project Home Page :- http://cacti.net/

cbm

cbm — the color bandwidth meter — is a small program to display the traffic currently flowing through your network devices.

Current Stable Version :- 0.1

Project Home Page :- http://www.isotton.com/utils/cbm/

dstat

Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat, netstat, nfsstat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of their limitations and adds some extra features, more counters and flexibility. Dstat is handy for monitoring systems during performance tuning tests, benchmarks or troubleshooting.

Current Stable Version :- 0.6.4

Project Home Page :- http://dag.wieers.com/home-made/dstat/

EtherApe

EtherApe is a graphical network monitor for Unix modeled after etherman. Featuring link layer, ip and TCP modes, it displays network activity graphically. Hosts and links change in size with traffic. Color coded protocols display.

Current Stable Version :- 0.9.7

Project Home Page :- http://etherape.sourceforge.net/

gdesklets

gDesklets is a system for bringing mini programs (desklets), such as weather forecasts, news tickers, system information displays, or music player controls, onto your desktop, where they are sitting there in a symbiotic relationship of eye candy and usefulness. The possibilities are really endless and they are always there to serve you whenever you need them, just one key-press away. The system is not restricted to one desktop environment, but currently works on most of the modern Unix desktops (including GNOME, KDE, Xfce).

Project Home Page :- http://www.gdesklets.de/

GKrellM

GKrellM is a single process stack of system monitors which supports applying themes to match its appearance to your window manager, Gtk, or any other theme.

Current Stable Version :- 2.2.10

Project Home Page :- http://members.dslextreme.com/users/billw/gkrellm/gkrellm.html

ipband

ipband is a pcap based IP traffic monitor. It tallies per-subnet traffic and bandwidth usage and starts detailed logging if specified threshold for the specific subnet is exceeded. If traffic has been high for a certain period of time, the report for that subnet is generated which can be appended to a file or e-mailed. When bandwidth usage drops below the threshold, detailed logging for the subnet is stopped and memory is freed.

Current Stable Version :- 0.8

Project Home Page :- http://ipband.sourceforge.net/

iftop

iftop does for network usage what top does for CPU usage. It listens to network traffic on a named interface and displays a table of current bandwidth usage by pairs of hosts. Handy for answering the question "why is our ADSL link so slow".

Current Stable Version :- 0.17

Project Home Page :- http://www.ex-parrot.com/pdw/iftop/

iperf

Iperf is a tool to measure maximum TCP bandwidth, allowing the tuning of various parameters and UDP characteristics. Iperf reports bandwidth, delay jitter, datagram loss.

Current Stable Version :- 2.0.2

Project Home Page :- http://dast.nlanr.net/Projects/Iperf/

ipfm

IP Flow Meter (IPFM) is a bandwidth analysis tool, that measures how much bandwidth specified hosts use on their Internet link.

Current Stable Version :- 0.11.5

Project Home Page :- http://robert.cheramy.net/ipfm/

ifstat

ifstat is a tool to report network interfaces bandwith just like vmstat/iostat do for other system counters.

Current Stable Version :- 1.1

Project Home Page :- http://gael.roualland.free.fr/ifstat/

ibmonitor

ibmonitor is an interactive linux console application which shows bandwidth consumed and total data transferred on all interfaces.

Current Stable Version :- 1.4

Project Home Page :- http://ibmonitor.sourceforge.net/

ipaudit

IPAudit monitors network activity on a network by host, protocol and port.IPAudit listens to a network device in promiscuous mode, and records every connection between two ip addresses. A unique connection is determined by the ip addresses of the two machines, the protocol used between them, and the port numbers (if they are communicating via udp or tcp).

Current Stable Version :- 3.0.0

Project Home Page :- http://ipaudit.sourceforge.net/

IPTraf

IPTraf is a console-based network statistics utility for Linux. It gathers a variety of figures such as TCP connection packet and byte counts, interface statistics and activity indicators, TCP/UDP traffic breakdowns, and LAN station packet and byte counts.

Current Stable Version :- 0.95

Project Home Page :- http://iptraf.seul.org/

IFStatus

IFStatus was developed for Linux users that are usually in console mode. It is a simple, easy to use program for displaying commonly needed / wanted statistics in real time about ingoing and outgoing traffic of multiple network interfaces that is usually hard to find, with a simple and effecient view. It is the substitute for PPPStatus and EthStatus projects.

Current Stable Version :- 1.1.0

Project Home Page :- http://ifstatus.sourceforge.net/graphic/index.html

jnettop

Jnettop is a traffic visualiser, which captures traffic going through the host it is running from and displays streams sorted by bandwidth they use.

Current Stable Version :- 0.13.0

Project Home Page :- http://jnettop.kubs.info/wiki/

MRTG

The Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) is a tool to monitor the traffic load on network links. MRTG generates HTML pages containing PNG images which provide a LIVE visual epresentation of this traffic.

Current Stable Version :- 2.15.1

Project Home Page :- http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/

moodss

moodss is a graphical monitoring application. It is modular so that the code accessing the monitored objects is completely separate from the application core. The core takes care of managing modules (loading and unloading),displaying modules data through sortable tables and diverse graphical viewers, handling user set threshold conditions with email alerts, recording and browsing data history from a database.moodss can even predict the future, using sophisticated statistical methods and artificial neural networks, and therefore be used for capacity planning.

Current Stable Version :- 21.5

Project Home Page :- http://moodss.sourceforge.net/

monitord

A lightweight (distributed?) network security monitor for TCP/IP+Ethernet LANs. It will capture certain network events and record them in a relational database. The recorded data will be available for analysis through a CGI based interface.

Current Stable Version :- 4.0

Project Home Page :- http://sourceforge.net/projects/monitord/

Netmrg

NetMRG is a tool for network monitoring, reporting, and graphing. Based on RRDTOOL, the best of open source graphing systems, NetMRG is capable of creating graphs of any parameter of your network.

Current Stable Version :- 0.18.2

Project Home Page :- http://www.netmrg.net

nload

nload is a console application which monitors network traffic and bandwidth usage in real time. It visualizes the in-and outgoing traffic using two graphs and provides additional info like total amount of transfered data and min/max network usage.

Current Stable Version :- 0.6.0

Project Home Page :- http://www.roland-riegel.de/nload/index.html

ntop

ntop shows the current network usage. It displays a list of hosts that are currently using the network and reports information concerning the IP (Internet Protocol) and Fibre Channel (FC) traffic generated by each host. The traffic is sorted according to host and protocol. Default protocol list (this is user configurable).

Current Stable Version :- 3.2

Project Home Page :- http://www.ntop.org

netspeed

Netspeed is just a little GNOME-applet that shows how much traffic occurs on a specified network device (for example eth0). You get the best impression of it, if you look at the screenshots below.

Current Stable Version :- 0.14

Project Home Page :- http://www.wh-hms.uni-ulm.de/~mfcn/netspeed/

Netwatch

Netwatch is a Linux program created to aid in monitoring Network Connections. It is based on a program called "statnet" but has been substantially modified for its Ethernet emphasis. It is a dynamic program which displays the Ethernet status based each the connection's activity. It has the capability of monitoring hundreds of site statistics simultaneously. The connection's port number (Well Known Service) and destination address are available as well. There are options which allow router statistics to be measured on simple networks (with one router). External network communication is counted and transfer rates are displayed.

Current Stable Version :- 1.0c

Project Home Page :- http://www.slctech.org/~mackay/netwatch.html

NOCOL

NOCOL is a popular system and network monitoring (network management) software that runs on Unix systems and can monitor network and system devices. It uses a very simple architecture and is very flexible for adding new network management modules

Current Stable Version :- 4.3.1

Project Home Page :- http://www.netplex-tech.com/nocol/

NeTraMet

NeTraMet is an open-source (GPL) implementation of the RTFM architecture for Network Traffic Flow Measurement,developed and supported by Nevil Brownlee at the University of Auckland. Nevil also developed a version of NeTraMet which uses the CoralReef library to read packet headers. This 'CoralReef NeTraMet meter' can work with any CoralReef data source; it has been tested on both CAIDA and NLANR trace files, and on DAG and Apptel ATM interface cards.

Current Stable Version :- 43

Project Home Page :- http://freshmeat.net/projects/netramet/

NetPIPE

NetPIPE is a protocol independent performance tool that visually represents the network performance under a variety of conditions. It performs simple ping-pong tests, bouncing messages of increasing size between two processes, whether across a network or within an SMP system. Message sizes are chosen at regular intervals, and with slight perturbations, to provide a complete test of the communication system. Each data point involves many ping-pong tests to provide an accurate timing. Latencies are calculated by dividing the round trip time in half for small messages ( <64>

Current Stable Version :- 3.6.2

Project Home Page :- http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/netpipe/

netperf

Netperf is a benchmark that can be use to measure various aspect of networking performance. The primary foci are bulk (aka unidirectional) data transfer and request/response performance using either TCP or UDP and the Berkeley Sockets interface. As of this writing, the tests available either unconditionally or conditionally

Current Stable Version :- 2.4.3

Project Home Page :- http://www.netperf.org/netperf/

potion

This is a console utility which will listen on an interface using libpcap, aggregate the traffic into flows and display the top (as many as can fit on your screen) flows with their average throughput. A flow is identified ip protocol, source ip, source port, destination ip, destination port, and type of service flag.

Current Stable Version :- 0.0.4

pktstat

Display a real-time list of active connections seen on a network interface, and how much bandwidth is being used by what. Partially decodes HTTP and FTP protocols to show what filename is being transferred. X11 application names are also shown. Entries hang around on the screen for a few seconds so you can see what just happened. Also accepts filter expressions á la tcpdump.

Current Stable Version :- 1.8.3

Project Home Page :- http://www.adaptive-enterprises.com.au/~d/software/pktstat/

RTG

RTG is a flexible, scalable, high-performance SNMP statistics monitoring system. It is designed for enterprises and service providers who need to collect time-series SNMP data from a large number of targets quickly. All collected data is inserted into a relational database that provides a common interface for applications to generate complex queries and reports. RTG includes utilities that generate configuration and target files, traffic reports, 95th percentile reports and graphical data plots. These utilities may be used to produce a web-based interface to the data.

Current Stable Version :- 0.7.4

Project Home Page :- http://rtg.sourceforge.net/

speedometer

Monitor network traffic or speed/progress of a file transfer. The program can be used for cases like: how long it will take for my 38MB transfer to finish, how quickly is another transfer going, How fast is the upstream on this ADSL line and how fast can I write data to my filesystem.

Current Stable Version :- 2.4

Project Home Page :- http://excess.org/speedometer/

Spong

Spong is a simple system-monitoring package written in Perl. It features client based monitoring, monitoring of network services, results displayed via the Web or console, history of problems, and flexible messaging when problems occur.

Current Stable Version :- 2.7.6

Project Home Page :- http://spong.sourceforge.net/

slurm

slurm started as a pppstatus port to FreeBSD. As I ripped off several functions

Current Stable Version :- 0.3.3

Project Home Page :- http://www.wormulon.net/projects/slurm

SNIPS

SNIPS (System & Network Integrated Polling Software) is a system and network monitoring software that runs on Unix systems and can monitor network and system devices. It is capable of monitoring DNS, NTP, TCP or web ports, host performance, syslogs, radius servers, BGP peers, etc. New monitors can be added easily (via a C or Perl API).

Current Stable Version :- 1.1

Project Home Page :- http://www.navya.com/software/snips/

tcpflow

tcpflow is a program that captures data transmitted as part of TCP connections (flows), and stores the data in a way that is convenient for protocol analysis or debugging. A program like tcpdump shows a summary of packets seen on the wire, but usually doesn't store the data that's actually being transmitted. In contrast, tcpflow reconstructs the actual data streams and stores each flow in a separate file for later analysis. tcpflow understands TCP sequence numbers and will correctly reconstruct data streams regardless of retransmissions or out-of-order delivery.

Current Stable Version :- 0.21

Project Home Page :- http://www.circlemud.org/~jelson/software/tcpflow/

vnstat

vnStat is a network traffic monitor for Linux that keeps a log of daily network traffic for the selected interface(s).vnStat isn't a packet sniffer. The traffic information is analyzed from the /proc -filesystem, so vnStat can be used without root permissions. However at least a 2.2.x kernel is required.

Current Stable Version :- 1.4

Project Home Page :- http://humdi.net/vnstat/

WMND

Shows a graph of incoming/outgoing traffic, activity indicators for rx/tx and current/maximum rate for rx/tx in bytes or packets.Tailored for use with WindowMaker, it will as well work with any other window manager though.

Current Stable Version :- 0.4.6

Project Home Page :- http://dockapps.org/file.php/id/178

How to Install Beryl with latest nvidia drivers in Ubuntu Feisty Fawn

Beryl is an OpenGL accelerated desktop that seeks to provide a free, open source desktop experience to the community that reflects the wishes of the users. Above all else, the project seeks to listen to and respond to the requests of the user base.



Beryl is a combined window manager and composite manager written in C using OpenGL to provide acceleration. It is designed to be highly flexible, extensible, and portable, all the while keeping in mind that the users know how they want their desktops to act better than we do. With Beryl the rather esoteric concept of the computer desktop is brought down to a more human level, allowing for a more native and intuitive understanding of your workspace.
Nvidia have released their 9xxx series drivers.Tis allows compiz/beryl to now run directly on an x server (xorg7.1) without separate aiglx or xgl.

Note:- First you need to remove all existing xgl/aiglx from your system

Preparing Your system

You need to make sure you system is up-to-date using the following

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Adding Source list

you need to edit /etc/apt/sources.list file

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following line for the latest beryl (Both i386&64 bit)

deb http://ubuntu.beryl-project.org feisty main

Save file and exit

Copy the key file using the following command

wget http://ubuntu.beryl-project.org/root@lupine.me.uk.gpg -O- sudo apt-key add -

Now you need to update the source list using the following command

sudo apt-get update

Install nvidia drivers in Ubuntu Feisty

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx

sudo nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals --composite

Now you need to restart your X by logging out and in or by pressing ctrl+alt+backspace

Install Beryl in Ubuntu Feisty

sudo apt-get install beryl emerald-themes

Now you need to type the following command in terminal or run application box by pressing alt+f2

beryl-manager

New Sleek Usplash Proposal for Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)

Here is New Sleek Usplash Proposal for Ubuntu Feisty Fawn.It is mainly composed of the ubuntu logo and the very nice forum coffee beans,which fill up during boot/shutdown.

Upgrade Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft) to Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)

Ubuntu 7.04 is the current Stable version of the Ubuntu operating system. The common name given to this release from the time of its early development was “Feisty Fawn”.

Backup and Restore Ubuntu System Using DAR and KDAR (DAR Frontend)

Dar is a shell command that makes backup of a directory tree and files. Its features include splitting archives over several files, CDs, ZIPs, or floppies, compression, full or differential backups, strong encryption, proper saving and restoration of hard links and extended attributes, remote backup using pipes and external command (such as ssh), and rearrangement of the "slices" of an existing archive. It can now run commands between slices, encrypt archives, and quickly retrieve individual files from differential and full backups. Dar also has external GUI like kdar for Linux,thanks to the well documented API.

Secure Ubuntu Desktop with Firestarter Firewall

Firestarter is an Open Source visual firewall program. The software aims to combine ease of use with powerful features, therefore serving both Linux desktop users and system administrators.

Current Stable :- 1.0.3

Project Hone Page :- http://www.fs-security.com/

Firestarter Features

• Open Source software, available free of charge
• User friendly, easy to use, graphical interface
• A wizard walks you through setting up your firewall on your first time
• Suitable for use on desktops, servers and gateways
• Real-time firewall event monitor shows intrusion attempts as they happen
• Enables Internet connection sharing, optionally with DHCP service for the clients
• Allows you to define both inbound and outbound access policy
• Open or stealth ports, shaping your firewalling with just a few mouse clicks
• Enable port forwarding for your local network in just seconds
• Option to whitelist or blacklist traffic
• Real time firewall events view
• View active network connections, including any traffic routed through the firewall
• Advanced Linux kernel tuning features provide protection from flooding, broadcasting and spoofing
• Support for tuning ICMP parameters to stop Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
• Support for tuning ToS parameters to improve services for connected client computers
• Ability to hook up user defined scripts or rulesets before or after firewall activation
• Supports Linux Kernels 2.4 and 2.6

Package Management with Synaptic Package Manager in Ubuntu

Synaptic is a graphical user interface (GUI) for managing software packages on Debian-based distributions. If you are using Debian or Ubuntu you will easily find Synaptic in the System Tools menu or in the Administration menu. Synaptic uses the GTK graphic libraries . So, if you are using GNOME on your debian-based distro you will probably have Synaptic installed as well. Synaptic is a graphical package management program for apt. It provides the same features as the apt-get command line utility with a GUI front-end based on Gtk+.

How to Enable and Disable Ubuntu Root Password

Ubuntu is one of the few Linux distributions out there that will not enable the root account.If you want to do something with root permission on the console you have to type sudo before the command.

Media Players Available for Ubuntu Linux

Media player is a term typically used to describe computer software for playing back multimedia files. Most software media players support an array of media formats, including both audio and video files.Some media players focus only on audio or video and are known as audio players and video players respectively. The producers of these players usually focus on providing a better user experience as they are specifically tailored toward the media type.

I want to give the list of media players available for ubuntu users with installation instructions.

Monitor Ubuntu System with saidar

saidar is a curses-based application to display system statistics. Statistics include CPU, processes, load, memory,swap, network I/O and disks I/O along with their free space.

NZB,PAR and UNRAR all-in-one Using Hellanzb

hellanzb is a Python application designed for *nix environments that retrieves nzb files and fully processes them. The goal being to make getting files from Usenet (e.g.: Giganews Newsgroups) as hands-free as possible. Once fully installed, all thats required is moving an nzb file to the queue directory. The rest; fetching, par-checking, un-raring, etc. is taken care of by hellanzb.

Current Stable :- 0.12

Project Home Page :- http://www.hellanzb.com/trac/

Gimmie A New Panel for Gnome in Ubuntu

Gimmie is an elegant way to think about how you use your desktop computer.Gimmie is a new concept of the panel designed to shift the direction of the desktop beyond the standard WIMP model (Windows, Icons, Menu, Pointer) towards one directly representing the concepts that modern desktop users use every day. It is being considered for inclusion in Project Topaz (a.k.a. Gnome 3.0)

Gimmie Features

• A new way to think about your desktop
• Easy to learn
• Relates objects to topics– Colors aide recognition
• Quickly see what's open
• Bookmarks are running representation
• Simple & Obvious
• It's a Prototype

Current Stable Version :- 0.2.4

Project Home Page :- http://beatnik.infogami.com/Gimmie

How To Import mails from Evolution to Thunderbird

If you want to Import your mails from Evolution to Thunderbird there is very nice utility called MboxImport .

Thunderbird, like many other email clients, uses the mbox format to archive the emails.It's curious that Thundebird has not a function that let you import or export files in this format and this lack is sometimes a problem when you want to move the accounts from a pc to another one or when you want to migrate (for example) from Mozilla to Thunderbird.Anyway this kind of import can be made very easily copying the mbox file into the directory "Local Folders" (it is inside the profile directory) with Thunderbird close; restarting the program, the mbox file will be visibile as subfolder of Local Folders.To export, you must just copy the email files that are inside the account's folder.This method can give some troubles, above all for people not very expert with Thunderbird, because the profile's files are into a hidden directory, whose path changes with the operative systems or also with personal needs.

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) Release Dates

In addition to Ubuntu 6-months stable releases and the next version of ubuntu is 7.04 with Code Name “Feisty Fawn”.

Important Dates

December 2006

December 21st - Debian Import Freeze

February 2007

February 8th - Feature Freeze, Upstream Version Freeze

March 2007

March 8th – String Freeze

March 9th – Beta Freeze

March 22nd – Beta Release

April 2007

April 5th – Non-Language Pack Translation Deadline, Kernel Freeze

April 12th – Release Candidate(RC), Language Pack Translation Deadline

April 19th – Final Release

Backup and Restore Ubuntu System using Sbackup

Data can be lost in different ways some of them are because of hardware failures,you accidentally delete or overwrite a file. Some data loss occurs as a result of natural disasters and other circumstances beyond your control.

Now we will see a easy backup and restore tool called "sbackup"

SBackup is a simple backup solution intended for desktop use. It can backup any subset of files and directories. Exclusions can be defined by regular expressions. A maximum individual file size limit can be defined. Backups may be saved to any local and remote directories that are supported by gnome-vfs. There is a Gnome GUI interface for configuration and restore.

Current Stable Version : - 0.10.3

Project Home page :- http://sbackup.sourceforge.net/HomePage

Sbackup Features List

• Backup any subset of files and directories
• Exclude files and directories by regex expressions
• Exclude files by type (extension)
• Exclude files by maximum file size
• Backup to local filesystem
• Backup to any Gnome-VFS supported remote filesystem (including sftp and ftp)
• Full and incremental backups
• Scheduling backups via cron
• Gnome GUI for configuration
• Gnome GUI for restore
• Command-line restore tool that also provides a Python API for restoring a file or directory
• Backing up package list in Debian derived distributions
• On restore, existing files are not overwritten, but are renamed to a safe name

Installing sbackup in ubuntu

sudo apt-get install sbackup

You can use synaptic also for this if you want to know how to search this software and install check here

Backup Your Data Using Sbackup

Once you completed the installation you can access sbackup using System--->Administration--->Simple Backup Config you can see this in the following screen

Next screen is asking for root password enter password and click ok

Once it opens the sbackup application you can see the following screen where you can configure your backup settings first tab is general options in this example i am choosing "Use custom backup settings"

Sbackup can be operated in 3 different modes

Recommended Backup

If you are new Ubuntu user or aren't sure what you should backup.This will perform a daily backup of your /home,system data held in /etc,/usr/local and /var.This will deliberately exclude any files over 100MB.By default this backup will be stored /var/backup

Custom Backup

This is same as the recommended backup and in this you can change the settings include,exclude files,you can change the schedule time.

Manual Backup

If you want to backup some files from time to time this option is for you and you can click backup now button to manually perform a backup according to the settings on the other backup properties dialog box tabs.

Next you click on "Include" tab here you can include any file or directory you want to backup

If you click on "Add file" button you should see the following screen where you can select your files

If you click on "Add Directory" button you should see the following screen where you can select your Directory for backup

Next option is "Exclude" here you can exclude files and folders you don't want to backup.Here you can exclude Paths,File Types,Regular Expressions,Max file,folder size

Next option is "Destination" here i am leaving the default location i.e /var/backup if you want to chnage the backup store location you can select the "Use Custom local Backup directory" and enter the location

Now you can select "Time" option here you can schedule when do you want to run your backup.

Available options for backups you can see in the following screen you can select hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,custom options

Next option is "Purging" here you can select old and incomplete backups and you set the no.of days you want to purge after completing all the settings you need to click on "Save" button to save your settings.

Now if you want to take backup just click on "Backup Now" or leave the schedule backup in this example i just clicked on "Backup Now" this is started a background process with process id you can see this in the following screen

Restore Your Data Using Sbackup

If you want to restore backups or any files,folders go to System--->Administration--->Simple Backup Restore you can see this in the following screen

Once it opens you should see the following screen here you can select the restore source folder and available backups from drop-down menu here you can choose files and folders you want to restore and click on "Restore" button

In this example i have choosen to restore one .iso file and once you select your file and click on "Restore" it will ask for your confirmation click on yes this will restore the file in orginal location if you want to restore in different location you need to select "Restore As" option

Note:- By default Restored Files and Directories are owned by root this is because of sbackup will runs with root.You need to chnage these files or folder permissions using chmod or just right click and select properties of the file or folder.

Backup Destination on Remote machine

One more beauty about sbackup is you can store your backup on a remotemachine for this it will give the option of using SSH or FTP for this go to System---> Administration---> Simple Backup Config once it opens the application you need to click on destination tab here you can select "Use a remote Directory" option type ssh:// or ftp:// followed by the username:password, then @, then the remote host to connect to and the remote directory.

Final Tip:-

Sbackup doesn't create a new backup file each time it runs and it creates an incremental backup.Which means that it updates the last backup with files that you changed or been created any files that haven't been updated since the last backup are unchanged

Sbackup Configuration from command line

If you want to configure sbackup you need to Edit /etc/sbackup.conf file

Restore Backup from command line

Run "sudo srestore.py /var/backup/2006-11-18_03 /home/myuser /home/myuser/old". You can omit the last parameter to restore to the same directory.

Conclusion

Sbackup is really very useful for new users particularly to allows users to choose either a simple backup scheme that performs incremental backups daily and full backups weekly, or to modify the default scheme with their own settings. Users list directories to backup in the Include tab, and select items to exclude in the Exclude tab. Exclusions can be based on directory,file type (sbackup excludes multimedia files by default), file size,or regular expression.This .

Scan to PDF using gscan2pdf in Ubuntu

A GUI to ease the process of producing a multipage PDF from a scan. gscan2pdf should work on almost any Linux/BSD machine.

Install Claws mail (Mail Client) in Ubuntu

Claws Mail is an email client (and news reader), based on GTK+.The appearance and interface are designed to befamiliar to new users coming from other popular email clients, as well as experienced users.

Send and Receive Your Hotmail messages through Evolution

If you want to use you Evolution mail client to send and receive your hotmail messages use the following procedure.