Install Sun Java with the Firefox Plugin on an Ubuntu Live CD or USB

When running Ubuntu from a live cd or live usb, and trying to install java, the following errors appear:

java: error while loading shared libraries: libjli.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory


OR

Setting up sun-java6-bin (6-06-0ubuntu1) ...
Error: could not find libjava.so
Error: could not find Java 2 Runtime Environment.

Getting and Preparing the files

Adding the Multiverse and Universe Repositories

Go to 'System', 'Administration', 'Software Sources'.

On the 'Ubuntu Software' tab tick the multiverse and universe boxes.

Click 'Close'. It will ask you to reload/refresh; DO IT!

Getting and Installing Java

Online Install

Do this in a terminal for JRE (basically if you're not a java developer):

* sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin

Do this in a terminal for JDK (basically if you ARE a java developer):

* sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk sun-java6-plugin

Say yes to whatever asks. If you are on a live CD or USB (even if it is Feisty 7.04, Gutsy 7.10, or Hardy 8.04 - I tried them all) you will probably get something like this:

Setting up sun-java6-bin (6-00-2ubuntu2) ...
/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.00/bin/java: error while loading shared libraries: libjli.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing sun-java6-bin (--configure):
subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 127
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of sun-java6-plugin:
sun-java6-plugin depends on sun-java6-bin (= 6-00-2ubuntu2); however:
Package sun-java6-bin is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing sun-java6-plugin (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of sun-java6-jre:
sun-java6-jre depends on sun-java6-bin (= 6-00-2ubuntu2) | ia32-sun-java6-bin (= 6-00-2ubuntu2); however:
Package sun-java6-bin is not configured yet.
Package ia32-sun-java6-bin is not installed.
dpkg: error processing sun-java6-jre (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
sun-java6-bin
sun-java6-plugin
sun-java6-jre
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Fixing that Error
Go into a terminal and do the following:
(Copy and paste using right-click so you don't get any of them wrong)

1.sudo su

2. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=CHANGEME dpkg --configure -a

-----The CHANGEME part should be changed to the location of libjli.so
-----Open your File System, go Ctrl+F, search for 'libjli'
-----Mine was in '/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.06/jre/lib/i386/jli'
----------so I used LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.06/jre/lib/i386/jli dpkg --configure -a

3.ln -s / /cow

4. Run whichever of these you used before again:

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk sun-java6-plugin

-----Say yes to anything it asks.
-----It should work perfectly this time with no errors.


Verification of Success

In a terminal type:

java -version

Something like this should appear:

java version "1.6.0_06"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_06-b02)
Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 10.0-b22, mixed mode)
In firefox, where you would type a website type:
Code:

about:plugins

You should see something like this (you might have to scroll to find it):
Quote:
Java(TM) Plug-in 1.6.0_06-b02

File name: libjavaplugin_oji.so
Java(TM) Plug-in 1.6.0_06
With a huge table underneath it.

Go to this website: http://java.com/en/download/help/testvm.xml

An applet will run near the bottom if you java is working correctly.

Howto Re-install Grub after windows wipes it out

Basically you have a good install of ubuntu and then realise that you want to dual-boot. You don't want to erase ubuntu, so you install windows. Grub then gets erased and there is NO way to get back into ubuntu.


So do the following:

1) Boot off the LiveCD

2) Open a Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal) and type in the following commands, noting that the first command will put you into the grub "prompt", and the next 3 commands will be executed there. Also note that hd0,0 implies the first hard drive and the first partition on that drive, which is where you probably installed grub to during installation. If not, then adjust accordingly.

sudo grub
> root (hd0,0)
> setup (hd0)
> exit

4) Reboot (removing the livecd), and your boot menu should be back.

5) Open the grub file:

sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

6) Scroll to the bottom and add the following:

title Windows XP
root (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

Note that you should also verify that hd0,0 is the correct location for Windows. If you had installed Windows on the 4th partition on the drive, then you should change it to (hd0,3).

Howto Configure Evolution to Work with Yahoo! Mail

Before we start you have to pay for a PLUS mail account in order to pop3 it with Evolution or any other e-mail tool.


Procedure to follow

1. Open Evolution and click EDIT -> PREFERENCES from the menu.

2. On the left, ensure MAIL ACCOUNTS is high-lighted. Click ADD.

3. Click FORWARD.

4. Enter your personal information here. You don't have to enter your full name if you don't want your full name to appear in outgoing mail. Click Forward when finished.

5. Select POP for Server Type.

Now add the following for RECEIVING EMAIL (heading at top of the window)

SERVER: plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com:995 (Notice port number at the end)

Username: your Yahoo! username WITHOUT @yahoo.com

Use Secure Connection: SSL Encryption

Authentication Type: PASSWORD

Remember Password: Checked (optional)


6. Click FORWARD button.

7. Set the next options to your liking. I place a check mark in the first box and have my yahoo! e-mail checked every 1 minute. That's the only setting chance I make on this window.

8. Click FORWARD.

Now add the following for SENDING EMAIL (heading at top of the window)

Server Type: SMTP

SERVER: plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com:465 (Notice port number at the end)

Server requires authentication: Check this box

Use Secure Connection: SSL Encryption

Authentication: Plain

Username: your username WITHOUT the @yahoo.com


9. Click FORWARD.

10. Enter a name for this setup. I use: Yahoo!


Click apply and your done. If you've already been trying to get this to work and have a yahoo mail account created, don't click ADD (step 2). Instead click on it and select EDIT. Then enter the above information in the SENDING and RECEIVING tabs.

Howto Improve NVidia Laptop Graphics Performance in Ubuntu

NVidia laptop cards come with a feature called PowerMizer that dynamically underclocks the GPU when it's not being used much. This is great for battery power but horrible for performance when using Desktop Effects (compiz). Unfortunately, NVidia does not provide a way to configure PowerMizer on Linux however, it's not difficult to create a script that will give you maximum speed while on AC power and maximum power savings while on battery.


This HOWTO is aimed primarily at users of NVidia 8 and 9 series laptop graphics cards (though, it may be useful for 7 series users as well). This HOWTO assumes you are running compiz and have already properly configured the NVidia proprietary drivers. If you are not using compiz, this guide will not be useful for you.

Implementation

The first thing we will need is a utility called nvidia-settings. If you've installed the NVidia drivers directly from the NVidia website or using envyng, you can skip this step

sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings

The nvidia-settings has a unique property that, with essentially no CPU/GPU activity, when you ask the card to print all of its information, it causes the card to go to maximum power. The nvidia card only drops a power level every 30 seconds so, we are going to take advantage these two facts to keep the card at maximum power if we are on AC power.

If you have no custom scripts, follow these instructions first

mkdir -p ~/bin

Then, open up gedit and paste the following script


#!/bin/bash

while true; do
if on_ac_power; then
nice /usr/bin/nvidia-settings -q all > /dev/null
fi
sleep 25;
done

Save the script as ~/bin/nvidia-power.sh. Then, start a terminal and type the following:


chmod +x ~/bin/nvidia-power.sh

~/bin/nvidia-power.sh &

disown

exit

If you are on AC power, the card should now be locked at its maximum power but, if you are on battery power, you should see no difference at all (until you next plug your laptop in).

Next, we will need to add this script to run when you login. On gnome, go to System->Preferences->Sessions, click Add. Add a descriptive name for the startup program (maybe, "NVidia Power") and for Command use, "/home/your_username/bin/nvidia-power.sh" (replace your_username with your username). Now the command should run whenever you login.

Testing

Testing is fairly straightforward. Start a terminal and type:

nvidia-settings

Scroll down to the bottom of the window this command brings up and look on the left side for the PowerMizer option. If your laptop is plugged in, you should see that your graphics card is running at full power. Watch it for a minute (the time it takes for the card to normally drop to lowest power) and make sure it stays at the highest power level. Now, unplug your laptop and wait for another minute. After less than a minute, your card should drop down to minimum power (as long as you keep it idle). Now, plug the cable back in and, in less than 30 seconds, the card should come back to full power and stay there.

The one caveat of this approach is that it can take up to 25 seconds for the card to come back up to full power. There are more complex ways to make the card instantly go to full power when plugged in but, on average, it will be at full power within 12 seconds so, it's probably more hassle than it's worth to use more complex methods.

Howto Create Smart Playlists in Songbird

Songbird doesn't have the feature for Smart Playlists built into it (playlists that consist of music matching certain conditions, e.g. "Never been played", or "Recently Added").



How to make a Recently Added playlist:

1. Open Text Editor (Applications>Accessories>Text Editor)

2. Copy and paste:

find "/home/user/Music/" -mtime -30 -type f | egrep -vi '\.jpg$' >recentlyadded.pl

Change /home/user/Music/ to the directory where you store your music.

By default I've defined "recently added" as music that was added in the past 30 days, but you can change the number 30 to a different number if you prefer.

3. Click File>Save As... and call it RecentlyAddedPlaylist.sh (or something else if you prefer).

4. Navigate to the folder where you saved it, right click on it, click Properties.

5. Go to the Permissions tab and tick the box "Allow executing file as program" and click Close.

6. Double click on the file and click Run in Terminal

7. Open Songbird

8. Click on File>Import a Playlist...

9. Navigate to your home folder.

10. The playlist won't be visible, so just type "recentlyadded.pl" and click Open.

11. You should now see a playlist of all the songs you've added in the past 30 days.

To update the playlist, simply run steps 6 to 10 again.

Howto Install Ubuntu on an external hard drive on an Acer Aspire laptop

If you want to install Ubuntu on an external hard drive on an Acer Aspire laptop follow this procedure

1) Buy a MyBook 320GB hard drive at Wal-Mart (by Western Digital) for ~$100

**NOTE: The next step is only necessary if you need wireless internet access through a router**


2) Buy a Zonet wireless card (your Aspire's built-in wireless IS NOT compatible with Ubuntu)

3) Follow the MyBook's [sarcasm]extremely difficult[/sarcasm] installation instructions to get it working in Windows Vista.

4) DO NOT USE THE ZONET CARD, Windows can and will mess up its internal settings.

5) Once the MyBook is working, attempt to format it to NTFS. When the format is just A LITTLE BIT done, purposefully end the format to corrupt the drive. I know it sounds stupid, but it works.

6) Download the latest version of Ubuntu (8.04 at the time of writing) as a LiveCD.

7) Write the ISO to a CD, I used a CD-RW. Most Aspire laptops come with NTI CD Maker, so use that if you have it.

8) This step was a mistake. If you're trying to reproduce this, skip to step 9. Restart your laptop to find that the BIOS won't load from CDs. Reenter Windows in frustration.

9) Go into the CD with windows to bring up the Ubuntu menu inside Windows.

10) Choose to use the LiveCD (I think the top option) and use the 3rd option (to get help with startup).

11) It will rewrite your BIOS to allow booting from the LiveCD on startup.

12) Restart again and load the LiveCD.

13) Boot into "normal install" (first button on CD menu).

14) Enter GParted and find your new 320GB hard disk.

15) There should be 1 partition with an "unknown" format. Delete the partition and apply it.

16) Close GParted and restart. Go back into the normal install like before.

17) Hit Install on your Ubuntu desktop.

18) Answer the questions as normal until it asks you where to install it to.

19) Choose to take up the entire 320GB drive.

20) Install Ubuntu as normal, you don't need to change any of the advanced settings.

21) When complete, reboot into the new GRUB bootloader and choose to start Ubuntu.

22) It will start from your external HD and boom, you have Ubuntu!

**NOTE: If you DON'T want wireless internet access, skip to step 29**

23) Shut down and put your Zonet card in. Go back into Ubuntu.

24) In Ubuntu, go to the network options.

25) Set your computer's built-in wireless device to 'roaming mode' if you haven't already.

26) Set your Zonet card to manual configuration. Enter your router's SSID and choose "Automatic DHCP configuration" in the dropdown list.

27) Apply these and let it change the interface.

28) Start Firefox, and with any luck, you're connected now!

29) Enjoy!

Howto install Fedora Directory Server (DS) 1.04 on Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron)

A directory server provides a centralized directory service for your intranet, network, and extranet information. Directory Server integrates with existing systems and acts as a centralized repository for the consolidation of employee, customer, supplier, and partner information. You can extend Directory Server to manage user profiles and preferences, as well as extranet user authentication.



Preparing your system

cd /home/

mkdir fds

cd fds

sudo apt-get install ssh

Download Fedora Directory Server Pre-built rpm

wget -c http://directory.fedoraproject.org/download/fedora-ds-1.0.4-1.FC6.i386.opt.rpm

Installing Alien Package

sudo apt-get install alien

Convert .rpm Package to .deb Package

sudo alien --scripts fedora-ds-1.0.4-1.FC6.i386.opt.rpm

Install Dependencies

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/t/termcap-compat/termcap-compat_1.2.3_i386.deb

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/libc/libc/libc5_5.4.46-15_i386.deb

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/pool/main/l/ld.so/ldso_1.9.11-15_i386.deb

sudo dpkg --install ldso_1.9.11-15_i386.deb

sudo dpkg --install libc5_5.4.46-15_i386.deb

sudo dpkg --install termcap-compat_1.2.3_i386.deb

Installing Java Run Time Environment

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-bin

Installing Apache2-mpm-worker

sudo apt-get install apache2-mpm-worker

sudo ln -s /usr/sbin/apache2 /usr/sbin/httpd

Installing .deb package

sudo dpkg -i fedora-ds_1.0.4-2_i386.deb

Creating a user and group for the daemon

sudo groupadd fds

sudo useradd -s /bin/false -g fds fds

Running Fedora-ds Setup Program

sudo /opt/fedora-ds/setup/setup -k

Please select the install mode:
1 - Express - minimal questions
2 - Typical - some customization (default)
3 - Custom - lots of customization
Please select 1, 2, or 3 (default: 2) 1

Hostname to use (default: facility-srv1.it-mgt.com)
Server user ID to use (default: nobody) fds
Server group ID to use (default: nobody) fds

Fedora configuration directory server
administrator ID [admin]:
Directory Manager DN [cn=Directory Manager]:

sudo cp /opt/fedora-ds/setup/install.inf /opt

sudo chmod 640 /opt/install.inf

sudo pico /opt/install.inf

Add the directive for ApacheRoot at the end of the file
...
[admin]
SysUser= root
Port= 16000
ServerIpAddress=
ServerAdminID= admin
ServerAdminPwd= dsadmin
ApacheDir= /usr/sbin
ApacheRoot= /usr/lib/apache2

Rerun the setup script with the new ApacheRoot directive

sudo /opt/fedora-ds/setup/setup -s -f /opt/install.inf

You can now use the console. Here is the command to use to start the console:

cd /opt/fedora-ds

./startconsole -u admin -a http://facility-srv1.it-mgt.com:/

Adjusting the admin-server's httpd.conf file

sudo pico /opt/fedora-ds/admin-serv/config/httpd.conf

Comment out the following apache module

#LoadModule log_config_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_log_config.so

Starting the admin-server

sudo /opt/fedora-ds/start-admin

Persistent startup

sudo pico /etc/inti.d/local

#! /bin/sh
/opt/fedora-ds/slapd-fossedu/start-slapd
/opt/fedora-ds/start-admin

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/local

sudo update-rc.d local defaults 80

HowTo enable empty password login in Ubuntu

ou want to enable a password less account in Gnome for your family/friends who have access to your computer.

This is different than not typing a password (autologin)


How to - by example

Create a user (system/administration/user and groups)
You can put fancy characters in the real name but not in the username.
You are obliged to enter a password. We will get read of it afterwards.

example:
username: guest
real name: invité (or guest or whatever you want to display in the graphical greeter later on)
profile: desktop user (DO NOT use administrator)
password: password

click ok and close the users and groups tool.

Remove the password for the guest user
open a terminal

sudo passwd -d guest

Authorize login with no passwords in gdm

sudo sed -i 's/#PasswordRequired=false/PasswordRequired=false/' /etc/gdm/gdm.conf

Authorize login with no passwords in pam

sudo sed -i 's/nullok_secure/nullok/' /etc/pam.d/common-auth

You can now log in with your guest user with no password.

If you want a graphical greeter screen, select it in system/administration/login window [local tab] (example: human list)

Howto Backup all installed programs/packages in Ubuntu/Kubuntu

PROBLEM: Lets say you have set up your *buntu box. Now you want to backup all the installed deb files so that you can restore them quickly and efficiently.


These commands will do that for you.

Open a terminal and paste the following into it:

$ sudo apt-get install dpkg-repack fakeroot

$ mkdir ~/dpkg-repack; cd ~/dpkg-repack

$ fakeroot -u dpkg-repack `dpkg --get-selections | grep install | cut -f1`

(the last command will take some time)

Now if you scroll to your home folder, you should find a folder called "dpkg-repack" which should have all the deb files of all your installed packages.

Reinstall Packages

If you want to re-install the packages, navigate to the folder with the packages and input the following command in the terminal:

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

HowTo Remove the locked screen login after resume from suspend or hibernate in Ubuntu Hardy

This is a very short and simple tutorial on how to remove the locked screen login prompt after resume from suspend or hibernation in Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy).


All you have to do is comment out a single line in a specific configuration file.

First, lets bring up a terminal window. Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal

Now that we have a terminal up, let's enter the command

gksudo gedit /etc/default/acpi-support

This will grant authoritative access to the configuration file which handles suspend and hibernation operations and utility.

Once the file is open in gedit text editor, let's scroll down to the line

# Comment this out to disable screen locking on resume

LOCK_SCREEN=true

LOCK_SCREEN is a boolean variable that has a true and false value. Rather than change its value to false, let's simply comment it out by placing a # before LOCK_SCREEN so that the enter line becomes,

#LOCK_SCREEN=true

Let's now save and we're done. Reboot or Ctrl-Alt-BackSpace (to restart Ubuntu) for changes to take effect and you can now try to suspend or hibernate and your changes should be there.

To set LOCK_SCREEN again, repeat the process, but remove the # instead.

Howto Set Gnome Calendar First Day of Week in Ubuntu

This tutorial will explain how to change the gnome calendar first day of the week to Monday.

Check which locale you are using (mine is en_US, don't worry about the .UTF ending)

locale

Next, backup and edit the applicable locale file (use the result of the previous command if not en_US).

sudo cp /usr/share/i18n/locales/en_US /usr/share/i18n/locales/en_US.bak

gksudo gedit /usr/share/i18n/locales/en_US

Locate the following line and change the value. The value for Monday in en_US was 2. Select the appropriate number if you desire another day to be the start day.

first_weekday 2

Save the file and then

Update the locales

sudo locale-gen

Refresh the desktop

killall gnome-panel

The first day should now be Monday

HowTo setup Canon iRC 2880i printer in Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron)

If you want to setup Canon iRC 2880i printer in Hardy follow this procedure

1. Goto System->Administration->Printing

2. Create a new printer queue


3. Select the type of connection to the printer (mine is Windows Printer via SAMBA)

4. Input the printer settings eg: 10.0.0.1/NameOfPrinter and authentication if needed

5. For drivers use Generic->PCL 5c->Generic PCL 5c Printer Foomatic/hpijs

6. Give it a name and you're set to go

If you would also like to print in colour then this is where the fun begins.

You will need the UFR Printer Drivers from Canon .

If you're using the iRC 2880 then you can go straight here

Once you have the drivers and have extracted them then follow these steps.

Note: If you are using a version of Ubuntu that is older than Hardy you should just be able to run the deb file in the Debian folder and then you can skip to step 6

1. If you try and run the deb file in the Debian folder in Hardy it will give a dependency error regarding libcupsys2-gnutls10. So...

2. Run sudo apt-get install alien

3. Go to the extracted drivers RPM directory in a Terminal

4. Run sudo alien -c *.rpm (The -c will include any scripts in the package)

5. Run your newly created deb packages. First the cups common one then the driver one.

6. Follow the intructions above for the setting up of only black & white printing up to and including step 4

7. For drivers use Canon->iR C2880/C3380 UFR II->iR C2880/C3380 UFR II (or whatever model you are using)

8. Give it a name and you should now be printing in colour

In case you were wondering why you get the dependency error in step 1, the reason is that the Debian package was converted from a RPM one, using alien. Alien picked up the dependencies that where present on the system that the package was initially created.

Source from here

Howto Install Lightscribe in ubuntu

LaCie has released the first software that allows burning labels on LightScribe media using LightScribe drives under Linux.


This guide will help you install the base Lightscribe software and the 4L Disk Labeling software on a 32-bit or 64-bit Ubuntu install.

Open a terminal.

1. Create a temporary workspace in your home directory.

Note: You can delete this directory when you are finished installing the software.

mkdir workspace

cd workspace

2. Download the 32-bit .deb files and an icon for Lightscribe

wget http://download.lightscribe.com/ls/lightscribe-1.12.37.1-linux-2.6-intel.deb

wget http://uploads.mitechie.com/lightscribe/4l_1.0-r6_i386.deb

wget http://lawrencecomputing.dyn-o-saur.com/lightscribe/lightscribe.png

Install the .deb files in the console with the force-architecture flag

Important: Make sure to do these steps in this order (lightscribe then 4L)

For 32-bit

sudo dpkg -i lightscribe-1.12.37.1-linux-2.6-intel.deb

sudo dpkg -i 4l_1.0-r6_i386.deb

For 64-bit

sudo dpkg --force-architecture -i lightscribe-1.12.37.1-linux-2.6-intel.deb

sudo dpkg --force-architecture -i 4l_1.0-r6_i386.deb


4. Fix the missing liblightscribe.so.1 error

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/liblightscribe.so.1 /usr/lib32/

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/liblightscribe.so /usr/lib32/

sudo ldconfig

Note: The program should run now. You can test this by pressing Alt+F2 and running

sudo 4L-gui

5. Copy the icon file into Ubuntu's shared icon directory

sudo cp lightscribe.png /usr/share/pixmaps/4L-gui.png

6. Create a shortcut to launch the 4L Disk Labeler as root

a. Right Click on the Ubuntu Menu Bar and choose Edit Menus.

b. In the left pane labeled menus choose either "Sound & Video" or "System Tools".

c. Then, click new item.

Enter this information into the window:

Type: Application
Name: Lightscribe
Command: sudo 4L-gui
Comment: Label a disc with Lightscribe

Note: You can automatically generate an icon by leaving out the sudo from "sudo 4L-gui" in the command field. You must add sudo to the command or the program will not function. Ubuntu will search for an icon in /usr/shared/pixmaps with the same name as the command. Alternatively, you can click the spring icon and browse for the Lightscribe icon.

Note: You can burn a label twice if it is not dark enough. Don't worry about the orientation of the disc, the drive will align it for you.

Ubuntu Tip:How To Get Flash Working in Opera 9.27

The current version of Flash 9.0.115.0 does not work with the current version of Opera 9.27. but Opera9.27 does work with Flash 9.0.48.0. This is how to get that working without making trouble for firefox or later versions of Opera that are coming and will work with Flash 9.0.115.0


To get flash to work in Opera 9.27 which is the version available in the repository you must do the following:


First go here which is the adobe repository for older versions of flash and download flashplayer 9 to your desktop or wherever. Unpack it. The readme will direct you to the folder with the linux version which is 9r48. Unpack that.

You can use archive manager which is in Applications/ Accessories to do this part. If you can't see it there go to System/Preferences/Main Menu and check the box to make it visible.

This will then create a folder called install_flash_player_9_linux. Take the file in there called libflashplayer.so and move it to /usr/lib/opera/plugins.

Now just type sudo nautlius in a terminal and use two nautilus windows to go to the right locations and did a drag and drop.

Important Note:- Do not use nautlius like this unless you are absolutely sure about what you are doing and be sure to close it right away when you are finished. It is easily possible to put your system in an unrecoverable state by moving random files around as root.

Then navigate over to /usr/share/opera/ini and open the pluginpath.ini file. Scroll down to the section that says ; Flash and comment out the lines:

/usr/lib/flash-plugin=1
/usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree=1

and add the line:

/usr/lib/opera/plugins=1

so it looks like this:

; Flash
#/usr/lib/flash-plugin=1
#/usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree=1
/usr/lib/opera/plugins=1

Save it and get out of there.

Now flash should work in your opera and enjoy

When you get Opera 9.5 you can just remove the comment marks and the line you added in /usr/share/opera/ini/pluginpath.ini and just put the old flash in the trash.

How to Create Screenshots via CLI with scrot

scrot is a commandline screen capture util like "import", but using imlib2.

It has lots of options for autogenerating filenames, and can do fun stuff like taking screenshots of multiple displays and glueing them together.

Install Scrot in Ubuntu

sudo aptitude install scrot

This will complete the installation.

Using Scrot

Example scrot commands
1. Capture screen and save file to working directory:

scrot

2. Capture screen in 5 seconds time:

scrot -d 5

3. Capture screen in 5 seconds time, name file with time stamp and screen dimensions:

scrot -d 5 '%Y-%m-%d--%s_$wx$h_scrot.png'

4. As above, but move file into "images" directory and open the image with GIMP:

scrot -d 5 '%Y-%m-%d--%s_$wx$h_scrot.png' -e 'mv $f ~/images/ & gimp ~/images/$f'

scrot Options
See below for a full list of options:

Usage : scrot [OPTIONS]... [FILE]
Where FILE is the target file for the screenshot.
If FILE is not specified, a date-stamped file will be dropped in the
current directory.
See man scrot for more details
-h, --help display this help and exit
-v, --version output version information and exit
-b, --border When selecting a window, grab wm border too
-c, --count show a countdown before taking the shot
-d, --delay NUM wait NUM seconds before taking a shot
-e, --exec APP run APP on the resulting screenshot
-q, --quality NUM Image quality (1-100) high value means
high size, low compression. Default: 75.
For lossless compression formats, like png,
low quality means high compression.
-m, --multidisp For multiple heads, grab shot from each
and join them together.
-s, --select interactively choose a window or rectangle
with the mouse
-t, --thumb NUM generate thumbnail too. NUM is the percentage
of the original size for the thumbnail to be,
or the geometry in percent, e.g. 50x60 or 80x20.

SPECIAL STRINGS
Both the --exec and filename parameters can take format specifiers
that are expanded by scrot when encountered.
There are two types of format specifier. Characters preceded by a '%'
are interpreted by strftime(2). See man strftime for examples.
These options may be used to refer to the current date and time.
The second kind are internal to scrot and are prefixed by '$'
The following specifiers are recognised:
$f image path/filename (ignored when used in the filename)
$m thumbnail path/filename
$n image name (ignored when used in the filename)
$s image size (bytes) (ignored when used in the filename)
$p image pixel size
$w image width
$h image height
$t image format
$$ prints a literal '$'
n prints a newline (ignored when used in the filename)
Example:
scrot '%Y-%m-%d_$wx$h_scrot.png' -e 'mv $f ~/images/shots/'
Creates a file called something like 2000-10-30_2560x1024_scrot.png
and moves it to your images directory.

This program is free software see the file COPYING for licensing info.
Copyright Tom Gilbert 2000

Source from here

How to Create Passwordless SSH Private/Public Key Pair on Ubuntu

An SSH key pair is needed to connect to an SSH server. It is possible to create a passwordless key pair so as to bypass the password prompt when you connect to your SSH server. This is handy for when you need to automate some processes through scripting. Follow the instructions below to create a new passwordless key pair:


1. Install OpenSSH. On Ubuntu, you can install OpenSSH by opening your terminal and typing:

sudo apt-get install openssh-client

2. Once OpenSSH is installed, stay in the terminal and type:

ssh-keygen -t dsa -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

3. When prompted for a password, leave blank and hit enter, then enter again to confirm. Your key pair will be created and stored in ~/.ssh/ as id_dsa.pub [public key] and id_dsa [private key]

Next, you will need to copy the contents of id_dsa.pub to a file named authorized_keys and transfer the file to the target system you wish to connect to. Follow the instructions below:

1. Create the new file with the following command:

touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

2. Apply the correct permissions:

chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

3. Copy the contents of id_dsa.pub to the new file:

cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Finish by transferring the new file to the target server. You should now be able to connect to your SSH server without having to enter a password.

Source from here

How to install RealPlayer on Ubuntu

The instructions below detail how to download and install RealPlayer on Ubuntu Linux. The instructions also enable the Mozilla/Firefox plugin and optionally remove Real's imposed audio icons:


1. Open a terminal and enter the following command to download RealPlayer:

wget http://www.real.com/realcom/R?href=http://forms.real.com/real/player/download.html?f=unix/RealPlayer11GOLD.bin

2. Make the file executable with the following command:

chmod a+x RealPlayer11GOLD.bin

3. Run the executable as root and enter your password when prompted:

sudo ./RealPlayer11GOLD.bin

4. If everything is working, you should see this message, hit enter:

Extracting files for Helix installation........................

Welcome to the RealPlayer (11.0.0.4028) Setup for UNIX
Setup will help you get RealPlayer running on your computer.
Press [Enter] to continue...

5. When prompted, install to /opt/real/RealPlayer, just hit enter:

Enter the complete path to the directory where you want
RealPlayer to be installed. You must specify the full
pathname of the directory and have write privileges to
the chosen directory.
Directory: [/opt/real/RealPlayer]

6. Enter "F" at the following screen to confirm:

You have selected the following RealPlayer configuration:

Destination: /opt/real/RealPlayer

Enter [F]inish to begin copying files, or [P]revious to go
back to the previous prompts: [F]:

7. If all goes well, RealPlayer should install and you will be dumped back to the prompt:

Copying RealPlayer files...Path setup done.
Succeeded.
installing application icons resource...
installing document icons resource...
....Succeeded.
Configuring Mozilla...
Installing .mo locale files...
Setting selinux context...
Succeeded.

RealPlayer installation is complete.
Cleaning up installation files...
Done.

8. Optional: delete the RealPlayer download with the following command:

rm RealPlayer11GOLD.bin

9. Copy the Mozilla/Firefox plugins to your plugins directory, enter the command:

cp /opt/real/RealPlayer/mozilla/nphelix.so ~/.mozilla/plugins/nphelix.so && cp /opt/real/RealPlayer/mozilla/nphelix.xpt ~/.mozilla/plugins/nphelix.xpt

10. Optional: remove RealPlayer audio icons from system:

sudo /opt/real/RealPlayer/postinst/install_icon_resource.sh uninstall

Source from here

How to install 150 Extra GIMP Brushes for Ubuntu

By default GIMP comes with a rather limited set of brushes. There's a package available from the Ubuntu repositories to install some extra brushes, however this is also a little limited.This package will allow you to install more packages for gimp brushes.


1. Open your apt sources.list file for editing with the following terminal command:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

2. Add the following two lines to the bottom of the file:

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/corenominal/ubuntu gutsy main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/corenominal/ubuntu gutsy main

Save and exit the file

3.Update the source list using the following command

sudo apt-get update

4. Still in the terminal, enter the following command to install the package

sudo apt-get install gimp-brushes

5. Enjoy your new GIMP brushes!

Howto Increase video performance in Ubuntu

On some reasons by default these modules are not present in X11 config, but, to the measure for me these modules in 2 times accelerate the capacity of performance.



First you need to take the backup of your xorg.conf file using the following command

cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.back

Now you need to edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf file using the following command

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Add the following lines

Section "Module"
Load "i2c"
Load "bitmap"
Load "ddc"
Load "dri"
Load "extmod"
Load "freetype"
Load "glx" # If you have VESA driver, comment this.
Load "int10"
Load "vbe"
EndSection

Save and exit the file.

Howto Setup Lexmark Z55 printer in Ubuntu Hardy Heron

This tutorial describes how to install a Lexmark Z55 printer on Hardy Heron.

By default the wrong driver is installed for the Z55 which causes the printer to squeal and fail to print. A driver is available from the Lexmark website for Linux rpm distributions.


1. Download

Download the file CJLZ55LE-CUPS-1.0-1.TAR.GZ from the Drivers and Downloads section of the Lexmark website. Select a Linux distribution such as Mandrake.

2. Uninstall the existing driver

System->Administration->Printing

Expand "Local Printers"

Click on "Lexmark_Z55" to select it

Press the "Delete" button and confirm with OK

3. Create directory

Create a directory to work in and move the downloaded file into this new directory.

mkdir lexmark

mv CJLZ55LE-CUPS-1.0-1.TAR.GZ lexmark

4. Extract rpm files from the download

tail -n +143 lexmarkz55-CUPS-1.0-1.gz.sh > install.tgz

tar -xvzf install.tgz

5. Convert rpm files into deb packages

First install the alien package if you have not already done so.

sudo apt-get install alien

Now convert the files ignoring any warnings.

sudo alien lexmarkz55-CUPS-1.0-1.i386.rpm

sudo alien z55llpddk-2.0-2.i386.rpm

Save the deb files in a safe place. For subsequent installations you can use these files.

6. Install the packages

The deb files can now be installed using any method you prefer. To install from the command line type:

sudo dpkg -i z55llpddk_2.0-3_i386.deb

sudo dpkg -i lexmarkz55-cups_1.0-2_i386.deb

7. Unzip ppd file


cd /usr/share/cups/model

sudo gunzip Lexmark-Z55-lxz55cj-cups.ppd.gz

8. Install the new driver

System->Administration->Printing

Press the "New Printer" button

Select "Lexmark Z55 USB #1"

Press "Forward"

Select "Provide PPD file"

Click on the file icon on the right hand side of the box below

Using the file picker select /usr/share/cups/model/Lexmark-Z55-lxz55cj-cups.ppd

Press "Forward"


Press "Apply"

Auto-mounting internal drives in Ubuntu

So I've noticed when running Ubuntu that while my external drives will show up on my desktop when I turn the computer on, my internal drives don't. They were still accessible from the Places Menu, but they had to mount on the first click, and then I could open them. Obviously, this is not the desired behavior. So I did a bit of digging and I found the problem. HAL apparently tells gnome-volume-manager not to auto-mount internal drives. I found the file containing this policy, and fixed the problem.

The file is this one:

/etc/hal/fdi/policy/preferences.fdi

sudo gedit /etc/hal/fdi/policy/preferences.fdi

To fix it so that internal drives will show up on your desktop when you boot up, change this line

PDF printing from Firefox in Ubuntu Hardy

Hopefully, this will prove useful to anyone who is trying to print a webpage using the CUPS-PDF virtual printer only to find that the resulting file has truncated text because the webpage was too wide (e.g. menu frame on the side).


Resizing the page using Zoom only changes what you see on the screen rather than what you print.

1. In Firefox, use FILE - PAGE SETUP to change the size to something larger, e.g. A3

2. Then CTRL+P to print, but instead of using the 'Print to PDF' option, choose 'Print to File instead. In the window that opens, then select PDF as 'Output Format'.

Getting your Dell service tag number from command line in Ubuntu

If you’re using Ubuntu with a Dell computer, there is a handy command to get your service tag number. This is handy in support situations when the service tag number can’t be read because it’s inaccessible, too small, or simply gone.


Open the terminal window in the Accessories > Applications menu and type the following command

sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number

Howto Join Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) To A Windows Domain

Likewise Open enables Linux, Unix and Mac authentication on a Microsoft network using Active Directory. A user can now interactively log in to the Linux, Unix or Mac machine using Active Directory credentials, and can access any kerberized services that the non-Windows machine hosts.



What it Does

Likewise Open supports over 110 UNIX, Linux and Mac platforms

Joins Linux, Unix and Mac systems to Microsoft Windows Active Directory domains

Authenticates users with a single user name and password on both Windows and non-Windows systems

Enforces the same password policies for non-Windows users as for Windows users

Install and Configure likewise-open

Use the following steps

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install likewise-open

sudo domainjoin-cli join fqdn.of.your.domain Administrator

sudo update-rc.d likewise-open defaults

sudo /etc/init.d/likewise-open start

After that is done, you can log out, then log back in with your domain\username account (You have to add the domain\ first).

How to install Firefox 3 RC1 on Ubuntu Hardy

If you want to install firefox Firefox 3 RC1 in ubuntu hardy follow these simple steps


You just need to add the following to your /etc/apt/sources.list

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

add the following line

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fta/ubuntu hardy main

save and exit the file

Then you only need to update the source list

apt-get update

and then upgrade with the following command

apt-get dist-upgrade or to install the firefox-3.0 package if you haven’t do it before.

Howto Duplicate Audio CDs using cdrdao in Ubuntu

This guide aims to show how to duplicate audio cds from the command line using one of my favourite programs: cdrdao.


Identify your drive

First of all cdrdao needs to know where to find your drive and the following command will give you the required information. I show the results from my own computer, your results will of course differ slightly:


$ sudo cdrdao scanbus
[sudo] password for andrew:
Cdrdao version 1.2.2 - (C) Andreas Mueller
SCSI interface library - (C) Joerg Schilling
Paranoia DAE library - (C) Monty

Check http://cdrdao.sourceforge.net/drives.html#dt for current driver tables.

Using libscg version 'ubuntu-0.8ubuntu1'

1,0,0 : Optiarc , DVD+-RW AD-5560A, DD11

So the scsi address for my drive is 1,0,0 for bus,id,lun and since this is a single drive computer it will be both the source and destination drive in my command line. The results of this command give a hint as well concerning the driver that cdrdao will use. Have a look at the URL given and see if your drive is mentioned there but you will probably find that the generic-mmc driver will work well enough with most modern drives.

All the other settings

With the drive and the driver successfully identified it remains only to decide on a few other elements to form our command line:

* Write speed: There are a thousand theories regarding the correct speed to burn an audio cd. I prefer to burn slowly so I have selected a speed of 8.

* Buffers: This specifies the number of buffers available to prevent under-run. Each buffer holds 1 second of audio data so divide the buffers by the write speed to give the maximum time for which reading of audio data may be stalled. With buffers of 128, as I have selected, and write speed of 8 this gives 16 seconds before under-run will occur..

* Error Checking: It is possible to set error checking for the digital audio extraction and I prefer to set this to maximum. This slows the whole process down a little but guarantees better quality.


So now all the settings are decided and it is time to assemble the command line.

If you really want you can type out the whole command line each time you want to duplicate an audio cd but there is a easy way. First create the following file:


$ sudo gedit /etc/cdrdao.conf

Next open it with your favourite text editor and then simply add all the settings that we have discussed above into this file in the following format:


#---- cdrdao.conf ----#
write_buffers: 128
write_device: "1,0,0"
write_driver: "generic-mmc"
read_device: "1,0,0"
read_driver: "generic-mmc"
read_paranoia_mode: 3
write_speed: 8

Now when you wish to duplicate an audio cd place the source cd in your drive and use the following command:


$ sudo cdrdao copy

And the rest of the process will continue with the only intervention required by you being the replacement of the source cd with a blank, writeable cd when prompted. How cool is that!

========================
Other useful commands:
========================

The man page for cdrdao is well written and quite comprehensive and I strongly suggest that you read it well. Below are a few 'high points', options that may be useful with the syntax above:

* --keepimage: If you are using the 'copy' command the cd image is automatically removed at the completion of the write process. This option allows the image to remain and to then be written to another cd if you wish.
* --simulate: Used in the writing process as: 'sudo cdrdao write --simulate'. This will perform the write process fully but in simulation only. Very useful to test settings.
* --blank-mode minimal: Add this option in to blank your cd quickly. If you wish to blank the cd completely use the option '--blank-mode full'.

HOW TO Enable Additional Print Preview Buttons in Firefox

step-by-step tutorial on how to make these print preview buttons appear:

1. Open Firefox.

2. In the URL area (i.e., the bar that displays the internet address), clear the existing text and then type: "about:config"


3. If propmpted, click OK to by-pass the warning.

4. In the Filter field near the top of the page, filter for the phrase "print.while"

5. Find the "print.whileInPrintPreview" option -- it may be the only one displayed. Double-click on the option to set it for true


Now, when you enter print preview, you should see the buttons for page scaling as well as options for landscape and portrait page orientations.

Fix boot GUI resolution in Ubuntu

Everytime I install Ubuntu, my usplash (the boot GUI) is 640x480. So here is howto make the usplash resolution fit your display resolution:


1. Open a terminal and type:

sudo gedit /etc/usplash.conf

This will ask you for your userpasswd, so you can edit that file with root permissions.

You will get something like this:

# Usplash configuration file
# These parameters will only apply after running update-initramfs.
xres=640
yres=480

OR


# Usplash configuration file
# These parameters will only apply after running update-initramfs.

2. Adjust xres and yres to your tagrgeted resolution, e.g. for 1280x1024:

# Usplash configuration file
# These parameters will only apply after running update-initramfs.
xres=1280
yres=1024

Save via

3. You now must update your initramfs so the changes take effect:

sudo update-initramfs -u

4. Finish. Enjeoy your well-sized usplash-boot-screen

Installing Rubyripper on Ubuntu 8.04

Rubyripper is a digital audio extraction algorithm that uses cdparanoia in a sophisticated way to make sure that a CD rip is done successfully and accurately. It is very similar to and inspired by EAC. Rubyripper is written in the ruby programming language.

How is Rubyripper different from other CD rippers?

This differs from programs like K3b and Sound Juicer because it is much more thorough. Rubyripper rips each audio track at least twice, then compares each rip for differences and attempts to make the most accurate compilation of rips it possibly can. The result? Higher quality CD rips.

Installation

1. First, let's make sure that all the dependancies to Rubyripper are met. There are several packages that Rubyripper depends on that need to be installed prior to installing Rubyripper. Let's install these packages by opening up the terminal and typing

sudo aptitude install cd-discid cdparanoia ruby ruby-pkg-tools libgettext-ruby1.8 libgtk2-ruby

This command should install all the packages you need to run Rubyripper

2. Next, download the Rubyripper, version 0.5.0 here, on the official Rubyripper site.

3. Extract the files in the Rubyripper archive. You can either do this either through the GUI or through CLI:

* GUI: Right click on the file you just downloaded and select the "Extract Here" option.

* CLI: Open up the terminal, navigate to the directory where you downloaded Rubyripper, and run

tar xjvf rubyripper-0.5.0.tar.bz2

4. From here on out, it will be CLI only, so keep that terminal open!

5. In the terminal, navigate to the file you just extracted using cd. For example, if you extracted the file to your desktop, then you would write

cd /home/USERNAME/Desktop

6. Next, we'll tell Rubyripper what features we want to be installed. Copy and paste the following into the terminal:

./configure --enable-lang-all --enable-gtk2 --enable-cli --prefix=/usr

The above installs the GUI and CLI options, along with all the language support available. This is the recommended and most complete way to configure Rubyripper.

7. Finally, run

sudo make install

to finish the installation.

Rubyripper should now be in Applications -> Sound & Video.

Uninstallation

If you find you are unhappy with Rubyripper, for whatever reason, uninstalling is a snap.

1. First, you basically replicate Step 4 from the Installation process: open up your terminal again and navigate back to the directory you extracted in Step 3.

2. Next, run the following command to uninstall Rubyripper:

sudo make uninstall

3. Finally, run the following command to clean up all files left by Rubyripper:

sudo make clean

How to Upgrade Ubuntu Server from Feisty (7.04) to Hardy (8.04)

This tutorial will explain how to upgrade Ubuntu Server from Feisty to Hardy

Step 1: Feisty to Gusty Upgrade

first be sure your feisty up-to-date

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


if everything ok, ready for upgrade to gusty.

nano /etc/apt/source.list

all change "feisty" to "gutsy"

save and exit (ctrl-x, yes)

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


(one package doesn't upgrade : mailscanner
but this step its fix:
nano /etc/init.d/mailscanner

around 124 line (do_stop function) add 'exit 0'

do_stop()
{ exit 0
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --retry=TERM/30 --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2

# Remove lockfile for cronjobs
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mailscanner
touch $stopped_lockfile
fi

}


save and exit.

and re-apply
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

command. its works. there some warning related with mailscanner but not important (for now)

and reboot

my server is gutsy, now.

step 2. Gutsy to Hardy upgrade

nano /etc/apt/source.list

all change "gutsy" to "hardy"

save and exit (ctrl-x, yes)

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

one package doesn't upgrade : mailscanner
but no problem

reboot

mailscanner fix:

first backup your mailscanner folder. (/etc/mailscanner)

sudo cp -R /etc/mailscanner /etc/mailscanner_backup


sudo apt-get remove --purge mailscanner

(if removing results same error, around 124 line (do_stop function) add 'exit 0')

wget http://http.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/m/mailscanner/mailscanner_4.68.8-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i mailscanner_4.68.8-1_all.deb

and

nano /etc/default/mailscanner

# Uncomment this line once MailScanner has been fully configured.
#
run_mailscanner=1

save and exit..

replace your backup mailscanner folder (/etc/mailscanner)

sudo cp -R /etc/mailscanner_backup /etc/mailscanner

/etc/init.d/mailscanner start

How To Replace ScreenCapture with KSnapshot

On Windows I've become quite happy with Snag-It. In searching for something comparable on Ubuntu, I've found KSnapshot.


I miss the Ctrl-Shift-P shortcut to launch the application, so I've decided to get Fn-PrtSc to launch KSnapshot. Maybe you will find this more to your liking ...

1. Use the Synaptic Package Manager and install 'ksnapshot'
2. Open a Terminal window, after 'ksnapshot' is installed
3. Type the following commands:

cd /usr/bin
sudo mv gnome-screenshot gnome-screenshot.orig
sudo ln -s ksnapshot gnome-screenshot

Now, when you press Fn-PrtSc, KSnapshot will be launched.

The only downside is ... if you're trying to get a screen capture for something going on at that very moment - something that's possibly fleeting fast - this won't be good for you.

But, KSnapshot offers window-under-cursor, section-of-window, screen, and region capture capabilities.

How to Disable "Smarter" Address Bar in Firefox 3

The "smarter" address bar might be help for some people.if you want to disable follow this.


The first step, in the address bar, enter in
about:config

It should give you some warning. Just disregard it.

In the search bar, enter:
browser.urlbar

Change the browser.urlbar.matchOnlyTyped boolean to True.
(Double click it)

Next, change the browser.urlbar.maxRichResults integer to 0.
(Double click and enter in 0 instead of current number)

Install Ubuntu 8.04 ( Hardy Heron) without a CD-ROM

Things you'll Need

1) Ubuntu Hardy Heron (8.04) ALTERNATE .iso (see below)

2) At least 2 partitions on your HD

3) vmlinuz & initrd.gz files from Hardy - NOT the ones included on the .iso (see below)




Steps:

1) Download the ALTERNATE .iso from the Ubuntu download site:

http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download

REMEMBER: mark the "Check here if you need the alternate desktop CD." option, on the botton.

2) Download both vmlinuz & initrd.gz files, Hardy's version, from this site:

http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/

3) Create an /boot folder on your secondary HD partition, and move the alternate .iso and the vmlinuz & initrd.gz from step (2) onto it.

4) If you don't have Grub already installed, install it on a removable media or Hard Disk. Then, edit your /boot/grub/menu.lst and add the following entry:


title Install Ubuntu Hardy
root (hd0,2)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz vga=normal ramdisk_size=149720 root=/dev/rd/0 rw --
initrd /boot/initrd.gz


**(hd0,2) refers to the 1st hard drive 'hd0' and the 3rd partition '2'.

The counting of partitions and hard drives starts at zero. Linux loves making life complicated

Change (hd0,2) to match the drive and partition of your .iso file.

e.g (hd1,3) Refers to drive 2 and partition 4.

5) OK! You are ready to go! Now reboot your system (with the removeable media if you installed Grub on it) and choose the "Install Ubuntu Hardy" entry.


6) Now follow the installation as usual, which should be working as if the disk was in the CD-ROM tray.

How to Backup using Rsync in Ubuntu

rsync is a software application for Unix systems which synchronizes files and directories from one location to another while minimizing data transfer using delta encoding when appropriate. An important feature of rsync not found in most similar programs/protocols is that the mirroring takes place with only one transmission in each direction. rsync can copy or display directory contents and copy files, optionally using compression and recursion.


In daemon mode, rsync listens to the default TCP port of 873, serving files in the native rsync protocol. rsync can also be used to synchronize local directories, or via a remote shell such as RSH or SSH. In the latter case, the rsync client executable must be installed on both the local and the remote host.

The rsync command

sudo rsync -av --progress --delete --log-file=/home/your-username/Desktop/$(date +%Y%m%d)_rsync.log --exclude "/home/your-username/.gvfs" /home /media/HomeBackup

the -av bit: 'a' means archive, or copy everything recursively preserving things like permissions, ownership and time stamps. The 'v' is verbose, so it tells you what its doing, either in the terminal, in in this case, in the log file. --progress gives you more specific info about progress.

--delete checks for changes between source and destination, and deletes any files at the destination that you've deleted at the source. --log-file saves a copy of the rsync result to a date-stamped file on my desktop.

--exclude leaves out any files or directories you don't want copied. In my case, the .gvfs directory in Hardy Heron was a pain as even with sudo it errored and wouldn't copy properly, so I excluded it (Its not necessary to copy it anyway) If you don't use Hardy yet, or any distro using the latest Gnome, skip this line, or upgrade!

/home is the directory I want copied. /home copies the directory and its contents, /home/ would just copy the contents

/media/HomeBackup is the separate drive. Change this to whatever your backup location is. You can actually have this drive off-site and use ssh, but that will be a tutorial for another day!


The bash script

I was just pasting this command into Terminal each day, but wanted something automatic, so step one was a bash script.

Very easy, just open a new document in your favourite text editor, and type #!bin/bash followed by the command itself on a new line. So:

#!/bin/bash
sudo rsync -av --progress --delete --log-file=/home/your-username/Desktop/$(date +%Y%m%d)_rsync.log --exclude "/home/your-username/.gvfs" /home /media/HomeBackup


Save that as rsync-shell.sh on your Desktop and make it executable by typing
sudo chmod +x /home/your-username/Desktop/rsync-shell.sh

or by right-clicking the file, select Properties, Permissions and then checking the Execute box


You can now double click that .sh file, choose 'Run in Terminal', it will ask you for your password and run, then leave a log file on your desktop.

or, you can make a cron job to do it for you!


The cron job

My biggest obstacle with this was the sudo bit. rsync won't be able to backup all files, or delete any, without root privileges. I didn't want to have to be there when it runs to type in my password, but after a bit of searching I found out how to make a root cron job.

Copy your .sh file to /root by typing
sudo cp /home/your-username/Desktop/rsync-shell.sh /root

Then type
sudo crontab -e

You'll see a line which reads: # m h dom mon dow command

Under that type
0 22 * * * /root/rsync-shell.sh

What this all means is:

1. The number of minutes after the hour (0 to 59)
2. The hour in military time (24 hour) format (0 to 23)
3. The day of the month (1 to 31)
4. The month (1 to 12)
5. The day of the week(0 or 7 is Sun, or use name)
6. The command to run

So at 22:00 (10pm) every day root will run the shell script, without prompting you for sudo password (because its running as root already)

Now press Control-X, then type Y, then press enter.

You'll see crontab: installing new crontab

Souce From here

Crack a WPA/WPA2 Wifi Network using Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy)

what is the Difference Between cracking a WPA network and WPA2 network,Nothing !! There is no difference between cracking a WPA or WPA2 networks at all.In order to sucessfully crack any WPA/WPA2 network,there are 2 main things must happen


1) U must capture the Full 4 Way Handshake.

2) Your Passphrase must be in the DICTIONARY you choose in order to sucessfully BruteForce.

We will be using the aircrack-ng suite of tools and a small dictionary file on Ubuntu.

There are a few ways to crack a WPA / WPA2 PSK password this is just one of them.

This method is usally vunerable because of the end user, as most people will use a pass phrase thats easy to remember.
bcz evry body doesnt want to keep long password.

You will need the following details

A Client connected to the AP to Deauth

ESSID = this is the Name of your wireless network i.e MYWIRELESS
BSSID = this is the MAC address of your AP and will be in this format 00:1C:10:26:A9:39 everyone’s is different so make sure
you write it down correctly or the following will not work

Channel = This will be the channel your AP is Broadcasting on i.e channel 7

ALSO you will need a decent dictionary file you can find many of these around on the internet google is your friend on this one,then lets start below are the Steps

Step 1 - Start the wireless interface in monitor mode

Airmon-ng strat wifi0 (starts ur Interface with Monitor mode)
Airodump-ng ath0 (Monitors the Access point available)

Step 2 - Start airodump-ng to collect authentication handshake

Airodump-ng -c 11 -w psk –bssid 00:1C:10:26:A9:39 ath0

Where:

-c 11 is the channel for the wireless network

- -bssid 00:1C:10:26:A9:39 is the access point MAC address. This eliminate extraneous traffic.

-w psk is the file name prefix for the file which will contain the IVs.

ath0 is the interface name.

Important: Do NOT use the ”- -ivs” option. You must capture the full packets.

Step 3 - Use aireplay-ng to deauthenticate the wireless client

aireplay-ng -0 3 -a 00:1C:10:26:A9:39 -c 00:0F:B5:EC:99:6F ath0

Where:

-0 means deauthentication

3 is the number of deauths to send (you can send muliple if you wish)

-a 00:1C:10:26:A9:39 is the MAC address of the access point

-c 00:0F:B5:EC:99:6F is the MAC address of the client you are deauthing

ath0 is the interface name

Step 4 - Run aircrack-ng to crack the pre-shared key

aircrack-ng -w dictionary.txt -b 00:1C:10:26:A9:39 psk*.cap

Where:

-w password.lst is the name of the dictionary file. Remember to specify the full path if the file is not located in the same directory.

*.cap is name of group of files containing the captured packets. Notice in this case that we used the wildcard * to include multiple files.

Done now wait for some time It depends upon ur Dictionary file and the passphrase ,

You should now have your PSK passphrase

&<>evilmonkey000<>&

Howto Loop Movie, Video, and Display Screensaver as Desktop Wallpaper in Ubuntu

Want to loop a video clip or movie on your desktop? I did and found a nice little tool that does just that



First lets grab some essential building libraries via the terminal: Applications->Accessories->Terminal

sudo apt-get install build-essential libx11-dev x11proto-xext-dev libxrender-dev libxext-dev cvs

Now lets Install xwinwrap:

cvs -d :pserver:anoncvs@cvs.freedesktop.org:/cvs/xapps co xwinwrap
cd xwinwrap
make
sudo cp xwinwrap /usr/bin


Now lets start our video/movie as the Desktop Wallpaper!
First find a video/movie you would like to set as your backround and issue this command:

xwinwrap -ni -fs -s -st -sp -b -nf -- mplayer -wid WID -nosound "Steal This Film II.Xvid.avi" -loop 0


Now everything should be working fine, if you would like sound, remove -nosound

You can also display Screensavers as your background:

nice -n 15 ./xwinwrap -ni -o 0.20 -fs -s -sp -st -b -nf -- /usr/lib/xscreensaver/glmatrix -root -window-id WID

Howto Compile and Install TrueCrypt 5.1a on Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)

On-the-fly encryption software which can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file and mount it as a real disk. It can also encrypt a hard disk partition or storage device, such as USB flash drive. Moreover, TrueCrypt supports plausible deniability.


Preparing your system

You need to install the following packages

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r` linux-source-2.6.24 libfuse-dev libgtk2.0-dev

Then create a tmp directory in your home directory

mkdir -p ~/tmp

Now download TrueCrypt source from here

Go to the path where you saved TrueCrypt source and untar the file in your ~/tmp directory

tar -zvxf TrueCrypt\ 5.1a\ Source.tar.gz -C ~/tmp

Now you should download wxAll source code. You can pick it from here

Go to the path where you saved wxAll source and untar the file in your ~/tmp directory

tar -zvxf wxWidgets-2.8.7.tar.gz -C ~/tmp

Now go to your ~/tmp/truecrypt-5.1a-source directory

cd ~/tmp/truecrypt-5.1a-source

and launch this command line

WX_ROOT=~/tmp/wxWidgets-2.8.7 make wxbuild

This will build the ./wxrelease subdirectory in the truecrypt source path. You'll probably will have some warning from the compiler, but you can safely ignore.

Once you have your shell back, launch this command line to compile truecrypt

WX_ROOT=~/tmp/wxWidgets-2.8.7 make

Probably you will get a lot of warning from the compiler, but you can ignore it. They are just warning.

Now go Main directory in TrueCrypt source

cd ~/tmp/truecrypt-5.1a-source/Main

and start truecrypt gui

./truecrypt

If everything is ok, you should have now the truecrypt gui running.

Now close you application from the Gnome notification area and copy your just compiled truecrypt binary in you /usr/local/bin directory

sudo cp ~/tmp/truecrypt-5.1a-source/Main/truecrypt /usr/local/bin/

Now you have truecrypt binary in your path so you can run it simply with

truecrypt

Now you can safely remove you working directories

rm -rf ~/tmp/truecrypt-5.1a-source ~/tmp/wxWidgets-2.8.7

Howto install JS3tream and backup to Amazons S3

JS3tream was written to provide easy streaming of data to and from Amazons S3 data storage service. JS3tream is NOT a backup solution by itself. But, coupled with tar or zip, JS3tream provides a very powerful backup solution.

Install the Sun JVM using the following command

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-bin

You will need the zip/unzip utility to extract the JS3tream utility

sudo apt-get install unzip

Go to the JS3tream web site, and download the latest zip file. Extract this file to a directory of your choice. Eg /usr/local/bin

cd /usr/local/bin

unzip js3tream-0.6.2.zip

Test to make sure both java and JS3tream are correctly setup. Start by going to the directory you put JS3tream.

cd /usr/local/bin

Make sure java is correctly installed. I happen to have 1.5.0.11

sudo java -version

java version "1.5.0_11"
Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_11-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_11-b03, mixed mode)

Test that JS3tream can be executed.

sudo java -jar js3tream.jar --help

JS3tream v0.6 - December 17, 2007
Protected under the LGPL
Copyright (c) Shane Powell 2007
http://js3tream.sourceforge.net

At this point JS3tream should be correctly installed. Now, it's simply a matter of following the examples and howtos on the JS3tream web site.

Howto Disable CTRL-ALT-DEL from shutting down in Ubuntu

If you want to disable CTFL-ALT-DEL from shutting down their server use the following procedure.

For Dapper, and earlier Users

1)If you are using Dapper Drake, or before, you will have to edit /etc/inittab with the editor of your choice.

sudo gedit /etc/inittab

2)Now, look for the line that looks like this:

exec /sbin/shutdown -r now "Control-Alt-Delete pressed"

This is what we want to change. delete whole line. Now, its up to you what you want to do. If you want it to just print a message, and then do nothing, enter this

"CTRL+ALT+DEL is disabled!!"

or any other message of your choice.

If you want it to execute a script, change the line to

exec /path/to/your/script.sh

Thats it! Now, you can leave your server in peace, and not have to worry about anyone pressing CTRL+ALT+DELETE, and shutting it down!

For Edgy,Feisty,Gutsy,Hardy Users

In Edgy, you have to edit /etc/event.d/control-alt-delete. Then, just follow the steps in step 2 of Dapper and Earlier.

HOWTO: Install your Canon PIXMA MP130 Printer using the iP1500 Printer Driver

If you want to install Canon PIXMA MP130 Printer follow this procedure

Add the following to the /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb http://mambo.kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~takushi/ubuntu ./

Then:

sudo apt-get update

Then:

sudo apt-get install libcnbj-2.5 bjfilter-2.5 pstocanonbj

Cupsys will be automatically restarted and you can select printer in cupsys configuration which is

http://localhost:631

To add the printer through the cups, the first thing you do is click on add a printer. The next screen will ask you for the name of you printer, location and description. The only thing you really have to fill in is the name – anything you want will do. After you have filled in the information click continue. The next page asks you to select your printer which should be Gutenprint USB Printer #1 (Canon MP130). Hit continue and then it will ask you for your driver. Select the Canon Pixma iP1500 Ver.2.50 (en) then click on add printer. Printing a test page should work! I've used the method on both Gutsy and Hardy.

How to Save Streaming Videos in Mplayer

1. Copy the url of the streaming video mms://etc... or http://...

2. Open up a terminal.

3. mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile stream_video_name.wmv mms://etc...

4. Wait for the stream dump.

Source from here

Mount .ISO's in Ubuntu Linux The Easy way

I download .iso's all the time, and wanted to be able to mount iso's for winblows games on wine. What this does is map your iso to a filesystem directory. Here is what I did, and here is what you can do as well.

First grab fuseiso

sudo apt-get install fuseiso

Then lets add ourselves to the fuse usergroup

sudo adduser myusename fuse

If you were not in the fuse group you will need to log off, then back in right now.Now lets create ourselves a fuseiso folder to mount our iso

sudo mkdir /media/fuseiso

Now we just grabbed an iso off the net, so lets mount it!

sudo fuseiso myisofile.iso /media/fuseiso

Ok now the iso is mounted and we can use it like its a cd/dvd Nautilus/cd your way to /media/fuseiso and the files from the iso will be mounted readonly.

Source from here

Create a SSH Tunnel for Firefox to surf securely

A ssh tunnel for Firefox to a remote computer is good security measure. Especially when connecting via an untrusted network like a wifi hotspot or other public networks. The tunnel encrypts and sends the data to your remote machine then it is sent over the web to your destination. This tutorial assumes you have an account on a remote machine you can ssh into. This is a pretty easy set up.

Now all you need to do is login your remote computer that you have access to with SSH then issue this 1 command

ssh -D 9999 -C me@ipaddress.com

The -D switch - Specifies a local “dynamic” application-level port forwarding. We are also adding the -C switch for compression.

Next we need to put the settings into Firefox.

Firefox> Edit> Preferences> Advanced tab> Network tab> Settings button.

Select Manual proxy configuration

SOCKS Host: localhost Port: 9999

SOCKS v5

No Proxy for: localhost, 127.0.0.1

Note: Sometimes localhost can cause a problem. If your settings are right and it still is not working replace localhost with 127.0.0.1.

Source from here

Howto Setup Vidalia TOR GUI with Ubuntu

Tor is the open source leader to anonymous connections on the internet, you can anonymize your internet presence from AIM/ICQ/MSN/ Jabber/IRC/WWW/FTP and you can even issue a torify command at the command prompt to anonymize your wget/ssh/lynx/ftp/perl or whatever. Basically tor is for the people by the people, it is only alive because we make it so, we can choose to use it freely or use it freely and help it out by running a server on your computer to make the internet safer. Basically tor encrypts your data communications through chained/linked proxies all over the internet.

Vidalia is a cross-platform controller GUI for Tor, built using the Qt framework. Using Vidalia, you can start and stop Tor, view the status of Tor at a glance, and monitor Tor’s bandwidth usage. Vidalia also makes it easy to contribute to the Tor network by helping you set up and manage your own Tor server.

Vidalia runs on most platforms supported by Qt 4.1 or later, including Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux or other Unix variants using the X11 window system.

Prepare your system

sudo apt-get install libevent

Now you need to get the latest tor source code from here

wget http://www.torproject.org/dist/tor-0.2.0.22-rc.tar.gz

tar zxvf tor-0.2.0.22-rc.tar.gz

cd tor-0.2.0.22-rc

./configure

make

sudo make install

Install Vidalia GUI

You need to edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

add the following lines

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/adnarim/ubuntu gutsy main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/adnarim/ubuntu gutsy main

Save and exit the file

Update the source list

sudo apt-get update

Install vidalia

sudo apt-get install vidalia

Once installed press alt F2 and open the run prompt and type in “vidalia” without the quotes, this will start tor, vidalia and you can configure tor/vidalia by right clicking on the tray applet and click on settings, right there you can view all the nodes and choose what to connect to, see node uptimes, os’s and locations with a graphical map.

For web browsing in firefox I prefer using an extention named FoxyProxy it works well with firefox and swiftfox, you can grab this extention directly from here

If you prefer stronger anonymity & protection I strongly Suggest Torbutton for firefox you can download from here

Install the addon and go through the Tor wizard and it will set you up for you and you can view which tor nodes you connect through actively via vidalia

Speed Tweaks for tor

Lets get to editing our torrc so we can improve the speed!

gedit ~/.vidalia/torrc

Paste this at the beginning of the torrc:

# Set the Tor Circuit Build time to find faster tor servers, increments of seconds

CircuitBuildTimeout 2

# connections while Tor is not in use.

KeepalivePeriod 60

# Force Tor to consider whether to build a new circuit every NUM seconds.

NewCircuitPeriod 15

# Set How many entry guards we should we keep at a time

NumEntryGuards 8

Source from here

Dstat - Versatile resource statistics tool

Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat, netstat, nfsstat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of their limitations and adds some extra features, more counters and flexibility. Dstat is handy for monitoring systems during performance tuning tests, benchmarks or troubleshooting.

Howto: Create ISO File From CD/DVD in Ubuntu Gutsy

Have a CD or DVD lying around that you are sick of putting in the drive every time you need something on the disc How about just making an .iso file that you can mount as you need? Or maybe you just want a “master” copy of the media so you can create another copy at a future date.

At any rate it is rather easy to accomplish in Ubuntu:

sudo umount /dev/cdrom dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

You can also do the same with folders:

mkisofs -r -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

Don’t forget to make a checksum:

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

Monitoring Realtime network interface Using Slurm

slurm started as a pppstatus port to FreeBSD. As I ripped off several functions here is an overview of the features:

Sopcast with GUI and sop:// URLs in Ubuntu

This guide will help you install sopcast on Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy. It will also help you get a special modified version of the GUI running and setup firefox to send sop:// links to the program.


Installing packages

Make sure you have all universe and multiverse repositories switched on. Then, in terminal:

sudo apt-get install qt3-apps-dev vlc build-essential

Downloading the latest SopCast binary

Link: Sopcast ix86 binary

Unzip it and cd into that directory using terminal. Then run:

sudo cp sp-sc-auth /usr/bin/sp-sc

Downloading and building the latest GUI

Download this specially modified source package. I have added URL handling.

Link: RKMOD version of QSopCast

Aga*in, unzip it and cd into that (src) directory using terminal. Then run

sudo qmakesudo makesudo make install

This should compile the source and install the binary into the correct location.

Creating a menu shortcut

Go to System / Preferences / Main Menu... then 'Internet' and 'Add New Item'. Give it the name "QSopCast" and command "qsopcast". You should now be able to launch from the main menu.

Setting up the GUI

Once the gui is open, goto config then config again. Make sure that the player settings are all set to "vlc" and that the channel URL is set to "http://www.sopcast.com/gchlxml"

You should now be able to watch sop casts by selecting a channel, launching it and then hitting player when the stream is at 100%

Firefox sop:// URLS

Go into firefox and enter URL: "about:config". Right click, select new and string. The string name is "network.protocol-handler.app.sop" and the value is "qsopcast". It should now send sops to the modified version of QSopCast ready to be launched.

Howto Setup iTunes-compatible Media server in Ubuntu

mt-daapd is a DAAP server that works with most POSIX compatible operating systems. It allows you to share your music collection over the local network using the same protocol iTunes uses, so real iTunes users may peruse your music.